Quick!
Can you name the muscles that depress the scapula?!
Thats right and how about for scapular elevation?
Motion of the scapula (shoulder blade) is so important for functional use of the arm which is why these guys are so important. Indeed without proper motion of your scapula you wouldn’t be able to lift up to that top shelf, scratch your back, and give rocking HIGH FIVES!
Quiz yourself PT students, remember all these components of these important muscles?
Scapula Elevation
|
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Innervation |
Action |
|
Upper Trap |
Medial 3rd of superior nuchal line; external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7 – T12 |
Lateral 3rd of clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula |
Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) and C3, C4 spinal nerves |
Descending par: elevate Ascending part: depresses Middle: Retracts scapula; descending and ascending act together to rotate glenoid cavity superiorly |
|
Levator Scap |
Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1 -C4 |
Medial border of scapula superior to root of scapular spine |
Dorsal scapular (C5) and cervical (C3, C4) nerves |
Elevates scapula and tilts its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula |
Scapula Depression
|
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Innervation |
Action |
|
Lat Dorsi |
Spinous processes of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and inferior 3 or 4 ribs |
Floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus |
Thoracodorsal nerve ( C6, C7, C8) |
Extends, adducts and medially rotates |
|
Pec Major |
Clavicular Head: anterior surface of medial half of clavicle Sternocostal head: anterior surface of sternum, superior 6 costal carti, aponeurosis of external oblique |
Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus |
Lateral and medial pectoral nerves CH: (C5, C6) SCH: (C7,C8,T1) |
Add and medially rotates humerus; draws scap anterior and inferior CH: flexes humerus SCH: Extends from flexed position |
|
Pec Minor |
3rd – 5th ribs near costal cartilage |
Medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula |
Medial Pectoral N. (C8, T1) |
Stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly |
|
Lower Trap |
Medial 3rd of superior nuchal line; external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7 – T12 |
Lateral 3rd of clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula |
Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) and C3, C4 spinal nerves |
Descending par: elevate Ascending part: depresses Middle: Retracts scapula; descending and ascending act together to rotate glenoid cavity superiorly |
Scapula Protraction
|
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Innervation |
Action |
|
Serratus Ant |
External Surface of lateral parts of 1st – 8th ribs |
Anterior surface of medial border of scapula |
Long thoracic N (C5, C6, C7) |
Protracts scapula and holds it against thoracic wall |
|
Pec Minor |
3rd – 5th ribs near costal cartilage |
Medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula |
Medial Pectoral N. (C8, T1) |
Stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly |
Scapula Retraction
|
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Innervation |
Action |
|
Trapezus |
Medial 3rd of superior nuchal line; external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7 – T12 |
Lateral 3rd of clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula |
Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) and C3, C4 spinal nerves |
Descending par: elevate Ascending part: depresses Middle: Retracts scapula; descending and ascending act together to rotate glenoid cavity superiorly |
|
Rhomboids |
Minor: nuchal ligament; spinous process of C7 and T1 Major: Spinous processes of T2-T5 |
Minor: Smooth triangular area at medial end of scapular spine Major: Medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle |
Dorsal scapular N (C4, C5) |
Retract scapula and rotate it to depress glenoid cavity; fix scapula to thoracic wall |
Scap Upward Rotation
|
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Innervation |
Action |
|
Traps |
Medial 3rd of superior nuchal line; external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7 – T12 |
Lateral 3rd of clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula |
Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) and C3, C4 spinal nerves |
Descending par: elevate Ascending part: depresses Middle: Retracts scapula; descending and ascending act together to rotate glenoid cavity superiorly |
|
Serratus Ant |
External Surface of lateral parts of 1st – 8th ribs |
Anterior surface of medial border of scapula |
Long thoracic N (C5, C6, C7) |
Protracts scapula and holds it against thoracic wall |
Scap Downward Rotation
|
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Innervation |
Action |
|
Rhomboids |
Minor: nuchal ligament; spinous process of C7 and T1 Major: Spinous processes of T2-T5 |
Minor: Smooth triangular area at medial end of scapular spine Major: Medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle |
Dorsal scapular N (C4, C5) |
Retract scapula and rotate it to depress glenoid cavity; fix scapula to thoracic wall |
|
Levator Scap |
Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1 -C4 |
Medial border of scapula superior to root of scapular spine |
Dorsal scapular (C5) and cervical (C3, C4) nerves |
Elevates scapula and tilts its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula |
|
Pec Minor |
3rd – 5th ribs near costal cartilage |
Medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula |
Medial Pectoral N. (C8, T1) |
Stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly |
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